However, if you use the word southern instead of a general location, such as the southern winds, the word should be lowercase. Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. If it's a name, it's a proper noun. Capitalize the traditional geographic regions in the United States: the Midwest, the North, the South, the West, and the combined regions (i.e., the Northeast, the Southeast, and the Southwest).1. The following examples illustrate not only the principles sketched in [an earlier section of CMOS] but also variations based on context and usage. For example: But when the terms are used to indicate a region, they are capitalized for example, the "West Coast". PepsiCo, based in Purchase, New York, owns Pizza Hut, Taco Bell, and KFC, all of which have 29,000 locations, Money differs from other economic assets in that it is the most liquid asset available. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of this material without express and written permission from this websites owner is strictly prohibited. Terms that denote regions of the world or of a particular country are often capitalized, as are a few of the adjectives and nouns derived from such terms. However, I was recently advised by someone who I consider to be educated to capitalize "southern" in this context. The same rule applies for specific regions when you add -ern onto the end of a direction. Capitalize the first word of every sentence. In general, midwesterners are friendly and down to earth. Here Carlotta is the name hence it needs to be in capital and I, Halloween should be capitalized. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. You should always capitalize Westerner since it refers to a group of people who are proper nouns. 2022 - 2023 Times Mojo - All Rights Reserved Do you know "what is the Western Hemisphere?" only if it's a proper name. Why Do Cross Country Runners Have Skinny Legs? You should capitalize the words East Coast when referring to a specific region, such as Im traveling to the East Coast, because East Coast is a proper noun in this case. What about capitalizing a Southerner or a Southerner? When north, south, east, and west refer to generic directions (i.e., the points of the compass), they are not capitalized: The master bedroom is in the east wing of the mansion. For example, the "river" is a general noun and not capitalized. In "the eastern portion of Colorado", however, "eastern" is written in small letters since it doesn't denote people or specific culture or practice. in the southwestern part an eastward direction These words usually do get capitalized when they describe a region of the world or of a country, but there are some exceptions. However, as in the case of plant names, animal names are not capitalized ("I spotted a red-tailed hawk," not "I spotted a Red-Tailed Hawk"), except when an element of the name is a proper noun, as in "Steller . 9 Should north southeast and West be capitalized? Note: This post relates to content in the eighth edition of the MLA Handbook. To capitalize or not to capitalize "southern" California [duplicate]. If youre referring to a specific location, such as the southern winds, southern should be lowercase. The same applies for related adjectives and other compass directions: We live in the eastern part of the country. As explained in the post, there is no need to capitalize these words when used generically (only when they're part of a proper noun). West is directly opposite east. The mines are located in the western part of the plateau. The street is named Bolton Avenue. For example, we capitalizenorth,south,east, andwest when the terms refer to regions or cultures: Customs in the East differ from those in the West. In general, you should capitalize the names of countries and languages. However, they should be capitalized only in such contexts; names of compass points in sentences such as "I drove southeast for several hours" or "Have you been to any of the southwestern states?" are not capitalized. Capitalizing southern and capitalizing south have the same rules. When they indicate compass direction, lowercase north, south, northeast, and so on, but capitalize when it indicates a region: the West Coast. Is Southern California capitalized AP style? Duck Vs. Loon: How Are These Words Connected? But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. Hello! Use lowercase when referring to directions on a compass. This suffix makes the direction an adjective, and when it describes a specific region, it should be capitalized. - thanks! By prevailing usage, roughly the most southerly one-third or two-fifths of California is referred to as Southern California, in initial caps. For places names and proper names, the word "Southern" should be capitalized, but in other contexts, it is not. Does the word federal need to be capitalized? Whether it's an "official" name or not and how well the thing is defined have no bearing whatsoever. However, when these words are actually part of the place name, they must be capitalized. To put it another way, capitalize words like Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis in place of the persons name. But the AP Stylebook says to always capitalize Southern when referring to the South in the United States, regardless of whether youre discussing the Civil War. The word should only be capitalized if it appears in the body's name. Federal or federal? . He's one part content manager, one part writing ninja organizer, and two parts leader of top content creators. Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday are the days of the week. Capitalizing the Word States If a writer refers to the United States and refers to it only as the States, states must be capitalized. In other words, directions can be tricky! However, in certain pairings, the common noun appears after a name or proper noun for instance, "the Highlands Region". 'CMOS recognizes that common usage and context determine conventional approaches to capitalization in connection with the treatment of certain terms related to regions.' Of all the various names or terms, direction names could be the trickiest to handle. References to God (s) The word "god" should be capitalized if it is being used as a proper name of a monotheistic god, as in God in Christianity and Judaism. The administration's solution: Ease credit for riskier borrowers. A recognized geographical region. The following formal names of specific degrees should always be capitalized in AP style: As you can see, master's degrees are capitalized when abbreviated. In what contexts would I capitalize "city" and "county"? When proofreading or editing documents, we often find that writers are confused about when to capitalize these terms. If the is used, use Prime Minister. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. I guess you're saying that it's always okay to break any principle if you really want to, because CMOS says so. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Capitalize My Title makes title capitalization easy. The United Kingdom, for instance, is a region that comprises four countries: Scotland, England, Northern Ireland, and Wales. I live to the west of Detroit Michigan. But if someone prefers "African American," use that term rather than a more generic "black." When these words are included in the place name, however, they must be capitalized. This is the sentence that is capitalized correctly. rev2023.3.3.43278. For example, NY for New York, use the US Postal Services symbol system. In other words, capitalize words such as Mother, Father, Grandmother, Grandfather, Son, Daughter, and Sis when they are used in place of the persons name. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Surely not one word Southeast? Generally, you do not need to capitalize the names of the seasons. Why do many companies reject expired SSL certificates as bugs in bug bounties? The periods are omitted in headlines. Note that exceptions based on specific regional, political, or historical contexts are inevitable and that an author's strong preference should usually be respected. AP style is primarily for journalists and writers who want to conform to traditional journalism styles. When the name of a city and state are used together, the name of the state should be abbreviated (except for Alaska, Hawaii, Idaho, Iowa, Maine, Ohio, Texas and Utah). A region can be a city, town, village, country, continent, or any area that comes under the jurisdiction or administration of a state. And "north" in that sentence refers to a direction (i.e., where you turned), not the place (i.e., Bolton Avenue). Southern, on the other hand, is capitalized by convention when it refers to California: I live in Southern California. For example: The words are also not capitalized if they only indicate locations or the climate or geography of a region. What states in the US are consider southern states? The word god is generally not capitalized if it is used to refer to the generic idea of a deity, nor is it capitalized when it refers to multiple gods. Each morning, the sun rises in the east . On a cloudless night, I studied Pisces, a constellation in the North sky. So, option 2 is correct. What about capitalizing western or Westerner? Examples: southern France, northern Canada. Some could argue the word "Southerner" in the sentence denotes someone who belongs to a specific region, and the letter "S" should therefore be capitalized. Our primary dictionaries, Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary, Websters New World College Dictionary, and The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language all capitalize U.S. geographic regions when used as adjectives or indicate that these adjectives are typically capitalized.4, Like adjectives, the decision to capitalize or lowercase geographic populations in the United States will depend on your style guide. Most style guides say that compass points and the terms derived from them are lowercased if they just mean direction or location. U.S. Using Kolmogorov complexity to measure difficulty of problems? Explanation: Because, Pisces is a noun. When in doubt, lowercase. Strength Vs. Strong: Differences, How To Tell Them Apart? Everyone knows that Southern blot is written with a capital "S". However, it is only compulsory to do so when "North" is part of a proper noun. It's the inconsistency or the abrupt switching between capitalized letters and lowercase letters is what that puts readers off. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. When people form a group and give it a name, it should be capitalized. However, capitalization may depend on the style guide you're using. Proper nouns include the specific names of people, places, and things. So, should you capitalize regions when writing? In some cases, like country and city names, this is clear. The North, The East, The South, and The West. To know what other words you should capitalize, try our free title capitalization tool. Unless the direction is part of the country's actual name, it remains lowercased. The Associated Press Stylebook (AP style) suggests capitalizing terms like Midwesterner, Northerner, Southerner, and Westerner:5. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Have you ever wondered when its okay to capitalize north, east, south, and west? Dont capitalize names of directions like north, south, east, and west when used to refer to direction and location, but do capitalize these words when they appear in the names of places and regions. For example, Southern France is capitalized because it is a proper noun and . The capitalization of as depends upon its function. Capitalize the pronoun. Unless they are actually part of the place name, directions dont need to be capitalized, but this depends on personal preference (e.g., if it might make this clearer to the reader) and whether its specified by a style guide. The problem is, there doesn't appear to be a consensus. If youre referring to a collection of proper nouns, such as the Southern States, this is the case. However, if, like Northern Ireland and North Korea, the direction is part of the proper name, it should be capitalized. We also lowercase the terms when they refer to people: My friend is a southerner. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. The Starved Rock Lodge offers world-famous Midwestern hospitality in a scenic environment. States and territories Use initial capitals for words in the formal name. When referring to regions, capitalize these words. Why distinguishes money from other assets in the economy. The names of things are known as common nouns. The AP Stylebook the guiding stylebook for many news outlets, including The Daily Tar Heel advises against using the Oxford comma in most simple series. To capitalize or not quoted text after be form, How to handle a hobby that makes income in US. Shawn Manaher is the founder and CEO of The Content Authority. They are written with capital letters. Dates. In general, you should capitalize the first word, all nouns, all verbs (even short ones, like is), all adjectives, and all proper nouns. South Pacific. southern Atlanta; But capitalize compass points when part of a proper name. Are coca cola and pepsi owned by the same company? If a is used, go with prime minister.). You capitalize state only when it follows the name of the state, as in New York State is also called the Empire State, or when its part of a traditional name for a state, like Empire State or Lone Star State. When it precedes the name of the state, dont capitalize the word unless its part of a title of . Explanation: Because Pisces is a verb. I is always capitalized, along with all its contractions. This format is the official USPS postal abbreviation. Some common examples of when you should capitalize north include: down North. If it's a general noun such as a river, lake, ocean, etc., the region need not be capitalized. MLA style followsThe Chicago Manual of Style (8.47) for geographic terms. Direction-denoting terms such as north, south, east, west, etc. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Wotan is one of the gods in Wagner's Ring Cycle. Everyone on the bus tour enjoyed the southern food in Tennessee. Which sentence is capitalized correctly Carlotta? A title like this would appear as: A Guide to English: Perfecting Grammar in an Academic Paper. @SvenYargs This is a very useful answer; I'm processing it. North, east, south, and west are the four cardinal directions, often marked by the initials N, E, S, and W. East and west are at right angles to north and south. NOTE: When terms like western region and southern district are used to name organizational units within a company, capitalize them. When using a U.S. geographic region as an adjective, the decision to capitalize or lowercase will depend on your style guide. ANS: Demand, Copyright 2023 TipsFolder.com | Powered by Astra WordPress Theme. Lowercase north, south, northeast, etc. It's not a continent, nor is it a country. Guidance to capitalize proper nouns in APA Style. So, if a person is from South Africa, south would be capitalized since it's the proper name of the country. Lowercase north, south, northeast, northern, and other lowercase letters are used when indicating compass direction. Otherwise, not. when they indicate compass direction, but capitalize when they indicate a region: the West Coast. The correct answer is option C. In option A, the word Chemistry is only capitalized leaving the other proper noun in lower case. South-Eastern Albania? The Content Authority is where you will find great content, written by amazing writers, around topics like grammar, writing, publishing, and marketing. The following sentence is capitalized correctly : I learned that Thor is the god of thunder when I read a book about myths from Norway. What is thought to influence the overproduction and pruning of synapses in the brain quizlet? Thus people who live in southern California may prefer to write Southern California. northern New Jersey, western Massachusetts Northern Ireland, Western Australia Not capitalizing when referring to a general direction. Which sentence is capitalized correctly on a cloudless night? In 1963, the state postal codes were formalized into two character abbreviations. Names of people People's names are proper nouns, and therefore should be capitalized. Which Is More Stable Thiophene Or Pyridine. You wouldnt normally unless north and south are part of a proper noun (e.g., South Africa). When common nouns like party, river, and street are included in a proper name, capitalize them. The official USPS postal abbreviation is this format. I work in marketing, and I'm wondering if lowercasing the words "off" and "under" in these headlines is correct: "50% off Body Wash" and "Gift Sets under $40.". Dont capitalize the word when it precedes the states name unless its included in a states title. Do You Capitalize "Real Estate"? You would capitalize "Southern" when referring to the people, or their culture, politics, or social activities, e.g., Southern hospitality, Southern cuisine, Southern accents. Does Counterspell prevent from any further spells being cast on a given turn? The example you give is a generic direction used as an adjective (like the "east wing of the mansion" example in the post), so no capitalization is required. I am living in Western Downtown. Sallie Ward, a Southern belle. The water and land global areas are further divided into subregions bounded by huge geographical features influencing large-scale ecologies. (Most uses will be uppercase.) Rule 1. [Relevant examples:] the South, southern, a southerner (of a country); the South, Southern, a Southerner (in American Civil War contexts); the Deep South; Southern California; the South of France (region); Southeast Asia; South Africa; South African (referring to the Republic of South Africa); southern Africa (referring to the southern part of the continent); south; southern; southward; to the south (directions). Are both letters capitalized in state abbreviations? The sentence reads "I turned on north Bolton." But things become tricky once we get down to the details. The Chicago Manual of Style (Chicago style) suggests lowercasing terms like midwesterner, northerner, southerner, and westerner, except when referencing the Civil War, in which case Northerner and Southerner should be capitalized:6. If you think southern California has properties which one ordinarily associates with countries or states, or at least you want to convey that this is so, then you should use the capitalization ordinarily used for names of countries or states. Hi, Michael. Do not drive, Five Below Job Opportunities Earning consideration for Five Below jobs begins with meeting the companys minimum employment age, which is 16 years old. There is room for variation here: if you live in Coventry and youre writing for other Coventry residents, then perhaps writing South Coventry would make sense.
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