Duplication is encouraged. However, evidence to support their use for overall health or disease prevention in the general population remains limited. A 2021 meta-analysis of 9 RCTs (not including the study described above) evaluated the use of MVMs (defined as products that included most vitamins and minerals) by 22,773 individuals and a variety of CVD outcomesincluding total CVD incidence and mortality, MI incidence and mortality, and stroke incidence and mortalityand all-cause mortality [29]. Results from several studies demonstrate both the use of MVMs for nutritional insurance by some individuals and the potential of MVMs to lead to excessive intakes for others. Normally provided in combination with dietary minerals. Iron supplements may be recommended for women of childbearing age, pregnant women, preterm infants, older infants, and teenage girls because they are at greater risk of developing deficiency. When taken as directed, multivitamins and minerals are not expected to cause serious side effects. Minerals (especially taken in large doses) can cause side effects such as tooth staining . [, Rock CL. Prenatal supplements generally provide no vitamin A in the form of retinol, and most childrens MVMs provide age-appropriate amounts of nutrients. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021;77:423-36. . A service of the National Library of Medicine, PubMed contains publication information and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. Cobalamin. In general, MVMs might help people who do not eat a nutritious variety of foods to obtain adequate amounts of essential nutrients. Brand Name: Generic Name: 32 Multivitamins & Multiminerals Dosage form: Tablet Indications: For the prevention and treatment of vitamins & mineral deficiencies as a complete daily nutritional supplement. Vitamins serve crucial functions in almost all bodily processes example immune, hormonal and nervous systems. Multivitamins in the prevention of cancer in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial. A multivitamin is a preparation intended to serve as a dietary supplement with vitamins, dietary minerals, and other nutritional elements.Such preparations are available in the form of tablets, capsules, pastilles, powders, liquids, or injectable formulations.Other than injectable formulations, which are only available and administered under medical supervision, multivitamins are recognized by . The MVM also improved memory and executive function. Hypersegmented Neutrophils. These beneficial effects include a significant increase of glucose uptake by skeletal muscle cells of up to 450%. Females (36%) were more likely to take one than males (31%). Men and women who reported taking more than one MV or MVM daily at the beginning of the study had an 18% lower risk of developing colon cancer than nonusers. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 2018; 11(7):e004224. For example, several B vitamins are necessary for basic survival function, such as converting glucose from food into cellular energy (adenosine triphosphate . JAMA. Formulations for children, adult men and women, pregnant people, and seniors typically provide different amounts of the same vitamins and minerals to meet the needs of these populations. Side effects of multivitamins include: Constipation. For example, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, in an evidence-based review of the role of MVMs in chronic disease prevention, defined MVMs as products containing at least three vitamins and minerals in amounts below the UL but no herbs, hormones, or drugs [7]. Multivitamin-multimineral supplements: who uses them? Cancer Causes and Control 2001;12:927-34. Your child needs a variety of vitamins and minerals to grow healthy and strong. Ironically, the populations at highest risk of nutritional inadequacy who might benefit the most from MVMs are the least likely to take them [1]. The Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), which was led by NIHs National Eye Institute and concluded in 2001, showed that daily high doses of vitamins C and E, beta-carotene, and the minerals zinc and coppercalled the AREDS formulationcan help slow the progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a blinding eye disease. Nutrients 2018;10(8). However, one study in this meta-analysis found a 19% higher risk of breast cancer in 25.5% of 35,329 Swedish women who reported taking an MV or MVM (in most cases nutrients in amounts close to RDA levels) than in women who did not take these supplements over an average of 9.5 years [21]. Many multivitamin products also contain minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, and zinc. Studies of MVMs that have focused on cancer have been observational. Another type of neural control mechanism is the withdrawal reflex, in which the hand is jerked away from a painful stimulus such as broken glass. What is known about the safety of multivitamin-multimineral supplements for the generally healthy population? Association of multivitamin and mineral supplementation and risk of cardiovascular disease. MVMssuch as those for energy, enhanced athletic performance, weight control, improved immune function, or eye healthoften combine several vitamins and minerals with botanical and specialty ingredients, such as coenzyme Q10, probiotics, or glucosamine. Pharmacodynamics. Molecules, 24 (2019), p. 2362, 10.3390/molecules24132362. MVMs were taken in the past 30 days by 24.0% of men and women aged 2039 years, 29.8% of those aged 4059 years, and 39.4% of those aged 60 and over [10]. Adv Nutr 2020;11:753-9. Multivitamin and multimineral dietary supplements: definitions, characterization, bioavailability, and drug interactions. MVM use did not alter the risk of any of these outcomes. Other observational data on multiple outcomes come from a cross-sectional analysis of data from participants in the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. One of the largest prospective studies of MVM use was the Women's Health Initiative, which evaluated the health of 161,808 postmenopausal women aged 5079 years and their risk factors for cancer, heart disease, and osteoporosis. It is found in various plants, including grapes, berries, peanuts, and red wine. It is reasonably priced, and there's enough product to last a single cat about a month. Nutrients 2020;12, 3394. The DGA also recommends obtaining recommended amounts of vitamin B12 primarily from fortified foods or dietary supplements, but only for people ages 60 and older. Vitamins and minerals serve crucial functions in almost all bodily processes and must be obtained from foods or supplements, as our bodies are unable to make them. When taken as directed, multivitamins and minerals are not expected to cause serious side effects. Vitamins are not sources of energy as are carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamins and Minerals for Adults. N Engl J Med 1994;330:1029-35. MVM supplementation, with or without the cocoa extract, improved global cognition, a benefit most pronounced in participants with a history of CVD. Below mentioned are some of the details about this product. People take MVMs for various reasons. However, MVM users had excessive intakes of several nutrients; 1015% had excessive intakes of vitamin A, iron, and zinc, and 4861% had excessive intakes of niacin. MMWR 2020;69:1557-62. . August 25, 2022 . Vitamin C is responsible for synthesizing collagen and is necessary for proper wound healing.6 Vitamin C is also secreted in breast milk thus, a higher dietary intake is recommended for lactating women to make up for this loss. However, MVM use is common in the general population. Multivitamins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in men: the Physicians' Health Study II randomized controlled trial. Prevalence of dietary supplement use in US children and adolescents, 2003-2014. Arch Intern Med 2004;164:2335-42. An earlier analysis of 20112014 NHANES data found that 31.2% of the U.S. adult population aged 19 years and older reported taking an MVM in the past 30 days [2]. Based on these two trials, the USPSTF warned that beta-carotene supplementation may increase the risk of lung cancer in people who smoke, have smoked, or have occupational exposure to asbestos [50]. At baseline, 37.8% reported taking an MVM (typically containing 2030 vitamins and minerals). A meta-analysis of 20 RCTs investigated whether supplementation with MVMs (whose composition varied by study but that contained multiple nutrients including iron and folic acid) by pregnant people led to better birth outcomes than use of supplements containing only iron with or without folic acid or, in one study, a placebo [33]. A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. There are two different types of vitamin D, vitamin D3, which is the form . Basic MVMs contain both vitamins and minerals, most in amounts that do not exceed the DVs. B12 6mcg, biotin 30mcg, folic . Health care providers sometimes prescribe MVMs for people who have medical conditions and diseases that impair digestion, absorption, or use of nutrients. Another team defined MVMs as "full-spectrum" products providing all 12 vitamins plus 10 minerals [9]. MVM use is less common among smokers and members of certain ethnic and racial groups, such as African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans, than among Whites. Dietary supplements are commonly taken during pregnancy to increase nutrient intakes, especially of key nutrients, such as iron and folic acid. A cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of 1,003 pregnant U.S. people aged 20 to 40 years from the 20012014 NHANES found that many consumed less than recommended amounts of many nutrients from diet alone [17]. A third CVD outcomes study prospectively followed a cohort of 37,193 women ages 45 and older (mean age 54 years) participating in the Women's Health Study who were users (38%) or nonusers (62%) of MVMs (including "a wide range of lower-dose vitamins and minerals") for an average of 16.2 years. Vitamin K. Accessed January 12, 2011. 8. Multivitamin(tress-600 and Thera-Tabs) generic is an essential nutrient, prescribed for patients with vitamin deficiency. In the French Supplmentation en Vitamines et Minraux Antioxydants (SU.VI.MAX) study, investigators randomly assigned 13,017 adults aged 3560 years to receive a placebo or a daily supplement containing moderate amounts of vitamin C (120 mg), vitamin E (30 mg), beta-carotene (6 mg), selenium (100 mcg), and zinc (20 mg) [48]. It is not intended to substitute for the medical expertise and advice of your health care provider(s). If you have questions about affording vitamin supplements, contact CF Foundation Compass by calling 844-COMPASS, Monday through Friday, 9 a.m. until 7 p.m. Revitalize Multi-vitamin and Mineral Complex: Iron (1.5 mg / cap) + Ascorbic acid . This fact sheet by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) provides information that should not take the place of medical advice. Espaol (Spanish) | Print. [, Hercberg S, Galan P, Preziosi P, Bertrais S, Mennen L, Malvy D, et al. It is also indicated to meet the increased demands for vitamins & minerals. One team of researchers categorized MVMs more ambiguously as "stress-tab-type," "therapeutic type," and "one-a-day type," so these products probably included MVs as well [8]. After 7.5 years of use, the supplements lowered total cancer incidence by 31% and all-cause mortality rates by 37% in men but not women. Huang H-Y, Caballero B, Chang S, Alberg AJ, Semba RD, Schneyer C, et al. Blood levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and minerals. One meta-analysis of 21 RCTs investigated whether daily use of MVs and MVMs (products containing three or more nutrients) for at least 1 year affected mortality risk [46]. Vitamins are organic molecules necessary for normal metabolism in animals, but either are not synthesized in the body or are synthesized in inadequate quantities and must be obtained from the diet. In the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS), investigators randomized 4,757 individuals aged 5580 years who had varying degrees of AMD, cataract, or both conditions to receive a placebo or a daily supplement containing high doses of vitamin C (500 mg), vitamin E (400 IU), beta-carotene (15 mg), zinc (80 mg), and copper (2 mg) [30,31]. Multinutrients for the treatment of psychiatric symptoms in clinical samples: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. The studies (which were of low quality overall) included a total of 355,034 women ages 2079; those taking MVs and MVMs took them for at least 3 years. Water and some water-soluble vitamins are absorbed by diffusion. MVMs, in particular, are popular supplements, currently taken by an estimated one-third of all adults in the United States, and one-quarter of children and adolescents take an MVM or MV [2,3]. Investigators who followed a multiethnic cohort of 182,099 men and women aged 4575 years living in Hawaii and California for an average 11 years found similar results [36]. Adding omega-3 fatty acids, lutein and zeaxanthin, or both to the AREDS formulation did not further reduce the risk of progression to advanced AMD. Disclaimer: This content has been produced purely for informational and educational purposes only and is never intended to be used as a substitute for professional medical guidelines including diagnosis, advice, and treatment. When your child needs vitamin D, iron, and zinc. . BMJ Open 2020;10:e039119. RCTs Because breastmilk provides little vitamin D, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that exclusively and partially breastfed infants receive supplements of 400 IU (10 mcg)/day of vitamin D beginning in the first few days after birth and continued until the infant is weaned and drinks at least 1 liter or 1 quart of vitamin D-fortified formula or whole milk daily [58]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2019, Issue 3. [, Prentice RL. In addition, a study examined the association between daily MV or MVM use and colon cancer mortality over 16 years in 776,902 men and women, most of whom were White and middle-aged or older [23]. [, Sesso HD, Rist PM, Aragaki AK, Rautiainen S, Johnson LG, Friedenberg G, et al. Among the more common ingredients are amino acids, protein, creatine, and caffeine. This analysis included 4,933 adults who reported taking an MV or MVM during the previous 12 months and 16,670 nonusers [37]. Previous. Multivitamin and mineral use and breast cancer mortality in older women with invasive breast cancer in the women's health initiative. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:325S-7S. Shelf Life/Expiry: 1.5 Years or 18 months from the date of manufacturing. However, when a deficiency of one of these vitamins or minerals does occur, symptoms can be seen throughout the body because of their relationship to energy metabolism, which happens in all cells of the body.
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